LİTHİUM CELL CHEMİSTRY

29 Şubat 2024

Lithium batteries commonly utilize cells with LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate) chemistry. The primary reason for this preference is the safety, stability, and longevity offered by LiFePO4 cell chemistry compared to other alternatives.

Cells consist of various components such as cathode, anode, electrolyte, and separator. Cell characteristics are dependent on the chemistry of the cathode material, and hence cells are typically named based on the alloy used in the cathode material. Among these chemical types are varieties like Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), Lithium Nickel Manganese (NMC), Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO), Lithium Titanate (LTO), etc.

LiFePO4 cells stand out, particularly for their safety, stability, and longevity advantages. These characteristics enable lithium batteries to have a broad range of applications.

LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)
The energy density of LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) batteries is lower compared to other common lithium-ion battery types like (NMC) and (NCA) and also has a lower operating voltage. However, due to advantages such as high safety, low toxicity, and long cycle life, LFP batteries hold significant positions in vehicle applications, auxiliary-scale stationary applications, and various backup power roles. The reliability and long lifespan of these batteries make them preferred choices, especially in vehicles, home energy storage systems, and emergency power sources.

NCA (Lithium Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminum Oxide)
Lithium-ion batteries typically used in electric vehicles contain a composition with nickel, cobalt, and aluminum as the cathode material. These batteries are preferred in vehicles because the high nickel content, especially in (NCA), can increase the battery's capacity. This allows for longer distances to be covered with a single charge. Lithium-ion batteries are often preferred in electric vehicles to provide higher energy density and longer range advantages.

NMC (Lithium-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt)

NMC batteries are a type of lithium rechargeable batteries characterized by the use of a complex alloy containing nickel, manganese, and cobalt. A key feature of these batteries is the use of a mixture of nickel, manganese, and cobalt in the anode, which can significantly enhance the battery's power. A standout feature of Lithium-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt oxide batteries is the ability to alter the content of the elements used in production, allowing for customization and optimization of the battery's performance and characteristics for applications that seek to personalize and optimize battery performance.